• DAY3SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 07:25:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL TO NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND
    FROM SOUTHWEST TEXAS INTO EASTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms may occur on Thursday over
    parts of the central to northern Plains and upper Mississippi
    Valley. Isolated strong to severe storms may occur over parts of
    Texas as well.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Thursday, a progressive shortwave trough will move across the
    northern Plains and into the upper MS Valley, with 40 to 50 kt mid
    and upper level winds. A warm front will move north across eastern
    SD, southern MN and WI, with mid 60s F dewpoints contributing to
    modest destabilization. Meanwhile, a surface low will develop over
    western NE during the afternoon and translate northeastward along a
    boundary and into southern MN by Friday morning. A cold front will
    develop behind this system, and push south into the central High
    Plains late. Elsewhere, a weak upper low will remain over the OK/TX
    area, with a moist air mass from TX into the Southeast.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper MS Valley...central High Plains...
    Scattered storms are most likely to develop north of the warm front
    during the day from eastern ND into central/northern MN, but these
    are not expected to be severe. By peak heating, new development
    will occur along the cold front from eastern SD into central NE and
    eastern CO. Here, strong heating and moderate instability will
    support scattered severe wind and hail. Shear is not forecast to be
    very strong, but will support slow-moving/rightward propagating
    cells or convective systems. Given the low predictability, will
    defer any potential Slight Risk to later outlooks.

    Elsewhere, moderate to strong instability will again support
    scattered storms across much of central and eastern TX with mainly
    locally strong outflows and periodic pulse hail during the heat of
    the day in this weak shear environment.

    ..Jewell.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 10 19:40:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101940
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101939

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 PM CDT Tue Jun 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST AND NORTHERN/CENTRAL PLAINS AS WELL AS TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe storms are expected Thursday
    across parts of the central to northern Plains and Upper Midwest.
    Isolated strong to severe storms may also occur over parts of Texas.

    ...North/central High Plains to Upper Midwest...
    Scattered storms are expected to ongoing Thursday morning from the
    eastern Dakotas into Minnesota and Wisconsin, in areas along/north
    of a warm front. Limited severe potential is expected with the
    storms. Into peak heating, stronger/deeper convective development is
    expected near a weak surface wave/cold front extending from eastern
    South Dakota and southern Minnesota west-southeastward across
    Nebraska, and in vicinity of the north/south-oriented dryline/lee
    trough across the central High Plains. Strong heating and moderate
    instability will support scattered severe storms capable of wind and
    hail. Vertical shear is not forecast to be very strong, but will
    support slow-moving cells or convective clusters.

    ...Southern Plains...
    While specific predictability is limited into the Day 3 time frame,
    largely owing to prior day convection and outflows, moderate to
    strong instability will again support scattered storms regionally.
    This should especially be the case across much of central and
    eastern Texas, with locally strong outflows and periodic pulse hail
    possible during the heat of the day within a modest vertical shear
    environment.

    ..Guyer.. 06/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 07:25:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    MONTANA SOUTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms may occur Friday from Montana into the
    central Plains, with hail and corridors of damaging winds possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A shortwave trough will move from the Pacific Northwest into the
    northern Rockies, with preceding shortwave ridging over the northern
    High Plains. High pressure over the upper MS Valley will help shunt
    low-level moisture westward due to southwest winds, and a plume of
    theta-e will develop from the central Plains into eastern WY and
    south-central MT late.

    By late afternoon, and through evening, storms are likely from
    western into central MT, extending down the Front Range. The west to
    northwest flow aloft atop the backed surface winds should result in
    a favorable area of shear for cells producing hail, and, eventual
    merging of outflows and MCS potential from northeast CO/southeast WY
    into western NE and KS, with areas of damaging wind possible.

    Elsewhere, isolated cells are likely to develop over the southern
    High Plains where strong heating will occur within a weak surface
    trough, and southeast wind maintain moisture and instability. Hail
    and locally strong gusts will be likely in this marginal shear
    environment.

    ..Jewell.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 11 19:29:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Wed Jun 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    MONTANA SOUTHEASTWARD INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms may occur Friday from Montana into the
    central Plains, with hail and corridors of damaging winds possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move from the Pacific
    Northwest toward the northern Rockies/High Plains on Friday.
    Downstream, considerable model variance remains regarding the
    evolution of a weak mid/upper-level low initially centered over the
    Ozarks vicinity. This system is generally expected to move eastward
    and gradually weaken, but extensive convection in its vicinity on
    D1/Wednesday into D2/Thursday results in greater than normal
    uncertainty regarding its evolution by D3/Friday.

    ...MT southeastward into the central/southern High Plains...
    In advance of the approaching shortwave trough, low-level easterly
    flow to the north of a lee cyclone will transport moisture into
    parts of western/central MT and northern WY. Moderate
    destabilization and increasing deep-layer shear will support
    development of scattered strong to severe storms by afternoon. A few
    supercells will be possible initially as storms develop near the
    higher terrain of MT/WY, with a threat of hail and localized severe
    gusts as they move eastward. One or more clusters may grow upscale
    by evening, with corridors of strong to severe gusts possible.

    Deep-layer flow will be somewhat weaker into the central High
    Plains, but still sufficient to support modestly organized storms
    during the afternoon/evening. One or more clusters could eventually
    spread eastward into western NE/KS by evening, aided by a nocturnal
    low-level jet and accompanied by a severe-wind threat. Farther
    south, storms may be more isolated into the southern High Plains,
    but strong instability and marginal deep-layer shear could support
    isolated hail and severe-wind potential.

    ...Ozarks into the Mississippi Valley/Ohio Valley vicinity...
    Given the aforementioned uncertainty regarding the slow-moving
    mid/upper-level low near the Ozarks, confidence in the details of
    storm evolution near and downstream of this low are highly
    uncertain. In general, scattered to numerous thunderstorms will be
    possible during the afternoon/evening from the Ozarks and lower/mid
    MS Valley into the OH Valley, within a moist, moderately unstable,
    and weakly capped environment. Generally weak midlevel lapse rates
    and modest deep-layer flow/shear should tend to limit overall storm
    intensity, but isolated instances of damaging wind or hail cannot be
    ruled out across a broad area, given the expected coverage of
    storms.

    If convective augmentation of the mid/upper-level low results in
    stronger wind profiles than currently forecast, or if storms can
    develop along the southwest periphery of the low (where lapse rates
    and shear will be stronger, but forcing will be weaker), then a more
    organized severe threat could evolve. At this time, the threat
    appears too nebulous for severe probabilities.

    Farther north, a strong storm or two could develop near a remnant
    frontal boundary in the upper MS Valley vicinity, though a lack of
    strong large-scale ascent and uncertainty regarding the frontal
    position result in limited confidence regarding any localized severe
    threat.

    ...Mid Atlantic vicinity...
    A moderately unstable and weakly capped environment is also expected
    from parts PA southward into the Mid Atlantic and Carolinas Friday.
    Scattered storm development is expected during the afternoon. A
    modest westerly mid/upper-level flow regime could support a few
    strong cells/clusters. Poor midlevel lapse rates and weak flow below
    700 mb may tend to limit a more organized severe threat, but
    localized instances of wind damage will be possible.

    ..Dean.. 06/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 12 07:16:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120715
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120714

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 AM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE BLACK
    HILLS SOUTHWARD ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND INTO THE SOUTHERN HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms may occur on Saturday over parts
    of the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Moderate southwest flow aloft will persist over the northwestern
    states on Saturday, with an upper high over northern Mexico, AZ and
    NM. Modest west/northwest winds aloft will exist along the US/CN
    border and into the Great Lakes, with generally weak shear across
    the remainder of the CONUS.

    At the surface, a quasi-stationary front will stretch roughly from
    the Black Hills eastward toward the Mid Atlantic, with a large area
    of 60s to 70s F dewpoints over most of the southern and central
    Plains, mid to lower MS Valley, and across the Southeast.

    ...Plains...
    Areas of early day storms may be ongoing over parts of NE, KS and
    OK, depending on what survives the previous night. Otherwise, a lee
    trough will develop over the central and southern High Plains during
    the afternoon, with strong heating contributing to 2000-3000 J/kg
    MUCAPE. Although shear will remain weak, little if any capping will
    be present during peak heating, and the very moist air mass should
    yield areas of storm development from the Black Hills southward into
    eastern NM. Additional activity may redevelop, or even persist, in
    association with any robust early activity or residual outflows.
    Given weak shear, strong outflow and damaging gusts appears to be
    the primary concern, although sporadic hail may occur with initial
    development over the high Plains. Uncertainties exist in this weak
    forcing setup, but local corridors of higher probabilities may be
    needed in later outlook updates.

    ..Jewell.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 12 19:28:22 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Thu Jun 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF
    THE HIGH PLAINS INTO THE PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms may occur on Saturday over parts
    of the central Plains. Isolated to widely scattered storms may occur
    from southern Montana into the southern High Plains.

    ...Central/Northern Plains...
    The highest storm coverage in this area appears to be within eastern
    Wyoming into western South Dakota and Nebraska given a shortwave
    perturbation moving through during the afternoon. With around 30-40
    kts of effective shear and strong surface heating, scattered storms
    capable of large hail and severe wind gusts are possible. A
    low-level jet will develop during the evening and focus in
    Nebraska/South Dakota. Some activity may be able to last into the
    evening.

    Some guidance develops elevated storms farther east in South Dakota
    as the low-level jet strengthens. Elevated buoyancy will be large
    and shear will be sufficient for some storm organization. Though
    development is conditional, low severe probabilities have been
    extended into this area given the hail/isolated wind damage threat.

    ...Central/Southeast Montana...
    With the upper-level trough generally remaining in the Northwest,
    the strongest mid-level winds should remain over parts of the
    northern Rockies into the northern Plains. Lingering, sufficient
    low-level moisture should allow for isolated to widely scattered
    storms to develop within the higher terrain and spread into
    central/southeast Montana. Hail and severe gusts are the likely
    hazards with this activity.

    ...Southern Plains...
    There remains some potential for activity from overnight Friday
    activity to persist into Saturday morning. Guidance varies in the
    location of where storms may intensify as the surface heats, but the
    general theme is that a continuation of overnight activity or
    perhaps development along an outflow boundary is possible. Shear
    will not be overly strong, particularly with eastward extent, but
    large MLCAPE in a moist, uncapped environment could support a
    corridor of damaging wind potential. Low severe probabilities have
    been extended east to account for this possibility, though
    uncertainty is still high.

    ...Mid-South into Mid-Atlantic...
    Another day of scattered convection is possible in these regions as
    a low-amplitude, diffuse upper-level trough shifts eastward. Poor
    lapse rates and weak shear should limit the overall severe threat.
    Isolated damaging winds are possible, but, again, highlighting an
    area of greater organization is quite uncertain at this time.

    ..Wendt.. 06/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 13 07:29:31 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHEAST MONTANA...THE DAKOTAS AND NORTHERN NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms, capable of isolated large hail and severe
    wind gusts, are expected on Sunday from parts of southeast Montana southeastward into northern Nebraska. Elsewhere in the Great Plains,
    marginally severe storms will be possible. A few severe wind gusts
    may also occur from parts of North Carolina into southern Virginia.

    ...Northern Plains/Northern Nebraska...
    A mid-level ridge is forecast to remain over the central and
    northern High Plains on Sunday, as a subtle shortwave trough rides
    up and over the ridge. At the surface, a low is forecast to develop
    over Wyoming, with upslope flow remaining over much of the northern
    Plains. A moist airmass will be located from eastern Montana into
    the Dakotas and Nebraska, where moderate to strong instability is
    forecast to develop by afternoon. As surface temperatures warm
    during the day, convective initiation is expected in the higher
    terrain of the northern High Plains, with additional storms possible
    further east into parts of the Dakotas. NAM forecast soundings late
    Sunday afternoon near the instability axis have MLCAPE peaking near
    4000 J/kg with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. 0-6 km shear is
    forecast to be in the 30 to 40 knot range. This environment should
    support supercell development, with large hail and wind damage being
    possible. A tornado could also occur. The severe threat will likely
    persist into the evening, as low-level flow gradually increases
    across the region.

    ...Southern Nebraska/Kansas/Oklahoma/North Texas...
    A moist airmass will remain in place across much of the southern and
    central Plains on Sunday. Surface dewpoints from the upper 60s to
    the mid 70s F will contribute to the development of strong
    instability across parts of this airmass by afternoon. In spite of a
    lack of large-scale ascent, isolated convective initiation will be
    possible as surface temperatures peak in the afternoon. The most
    likely location for storm development would be along or near any
    residual outflow boundary. Forecast MLCAPE in the 2500 to 3500 J/kg
    range, along with steep low to mid-level lapse rates, and moderate
    deep-layer shear would support an isolated severe threat. Hail and
    marginally severe wind gusts would be the primary threats.

    ...North Carolina/Southern Virginia...
    A mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    southern and central Appalachians on Sunday. Ahead of the trough, a
    moist airmass is forecast over parts of the Carolinas and Virginia.
    As surface temperatures warm in the late morning and early
    afternoon, convective initiation is expected in the higher terrain
    of the southern and central Appalachians. As this convection moves
    eastward into the lower elevations, thunderstorms are expected to
    form. Although deep-layer shear is forecast to remain relatively
    weak, moderate instability and steep low-level lapse rates could be
    sufficient for isolated severe wind gusts.

    ..Broyles.. 06/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 13 19:32:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Fri Jun 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SOUTHEAST MONTANA
    INTO SOUTH DAKOTA AND NORTH-CENTRAL NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms, capable of large hail and severe wind
    gusts, are expected on Sunday from parts of southeast Montana
    southeastward into northern Nebraska. Additional strong to severe
    storms are possible in the Plains. Isolated damaging winds remain
    possible in portions of North Carolina and Virginia.

    ...Montana/Dakotas/Nebraska...
    The persistent trough in the Northwest will allow moderate mid-level
    winds to continue over the northern Rockies into the northern
    Plains. Model guidance also suggests a stronger compact shortwave
    trough will move into eastern Montana during the afternoon. Surface
    troughing will maintain moisture influx into the area. Strong shear
    and large buoyancy will support a threat of large hail and severe
    wind gusts. There is some potential for significant hail with
    initial supercells and perhaps significant wind with a cluster/MCS
    that could develop and persist to the east. With preceding days of
    convection potentially impacting the overall quality of the
    low-level airmass, confidence is too low to highlight an area at
    present. Trends in guidance will be monitored.

    ...Kansas/southern Plains/Arkansas...
    As with previous days, the magnitude and location of the severe risk
    will depend on where convection from the previous day exists. There
    is at least modest agreement within model guidance that convection
    within eastern Kansas could intensify into parts of Oklahoma and
    Arkansas. Modest flow enhancement on the western flank of the broad
    trough would promote marginal storm organization. Furthermore, a
    theta-e gradient could serve as a focus for propagation. With
    2500-3500 J/kg MLCAPE present, some threat for wind damage would be
    present.

    ...North Carolina/Virginia...
    With the upper-level trough becoming more diffuse with time, forcing
    for ascent will largely be driven by smaller scale perturbations
    within the broad cyclonic flow. It appears possible that an MCV
    could approach parts of the Mid-Atlantic during Sunday afternoon.
    Forecast soundings indicate mid-level lapse rates will remain weak
    and cloud cover will hinder surface heating for some areas. Should
    these conditions align, stronger storms could produce isolated wind
    damage given modest organization promoted by the MCV.

    ..Wendt.. 06/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 14 07:17:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS EAST-NORTHEASTWARD INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms with isolated large hail and wind damage are
    expected on Monday from the northern High Plains east-northeastward
    into the upper Mississippi Valley. Outside of this area, marginally
    severe storms will be possible across much of the central and
    northern U.S.

    ...Great Plains/Upper Mississippi Valley...
    A mid-level ridge will remain in place on Monday from the central
    Rockies northward into the northern High Plains. A subtle shortwave
    trough will move northeastward into the northern Rockies. At the
    surface, a cold front is forecast to move southward across the
    northern Plains. South of the front, surface dewpoints in the 60s F
    will contribute to the development of moderate to strong instability
    by afternoon. Convection is likely to initiate near the front as
    surface temperatures and low-level convergence increase during the
    day. These storms are forecast to move east-southeastward into the
    strong instability during the afternoon. 21Z NAM forecast soundings
    along and near the instability axis mostly have 0-6 km shear in the
    30 to 40 knot range, with 700 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. This
    environment will be favorable for supercells with isolated large
    hail, mainly early in the event. Mid-level flow is forecast to be
    nearly parallel to the boundary, suggesting that a gradual
    transition to linear mode could take place during the late afternoon
    and early evening. Linear mode would be more favorable for a
    wind-damage threat. The severe threat should gradually move into the
    mid Missouri Valley during the evening, where low-level flow is
    forecast to increase.

    Further south into parts of southern Nebraska, Kansas and northern
    Oklahoma, isolated convective initiation should take place as
    surface temperatures warm during the day, along zones of maximized
    low-level convergence. Forecast soundings suggest that moderate
    deep-layer shear and steep mid-level lapse rates will be in place
    over much of the moist airmass. This should support an isolated
    severe threat, with hail and strong wind gusts possible. However,
    any convection that initiates will have to overcome layer of warm
    air around 800 mb. This should keep any threat marginal during the
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Broyles.. 06/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 14 19:31:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Sat Jun 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE NORTHERN/CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms with isolated large hail and wind damage are
    expected on Monday from the northern High Plains east-northeastward
    into the upper Mississippi Valley. Outside of this area, marginally
    severe storms will be possible across much of the central and
    northern U.S.

    ...Synopsis...
    A belt of mid-level westerly flow will move across the central/high
    Plains on D3/Monday, dampening ridge heights and creating a more of
    a zonal flow regime. A surface low will deepen across eastern
    Colorado, with a southwest to northeast oriented cold front shifting
    south and eastward across Nebraska through the period.

    ...Great Plains/Upper Midwest..
    Convection is likely to be ongoing across portions of North
    Dakota/Minnesota. Additional thunderstorm development is expected
    along the aforementioned cold front in Nebraska/southern Dakotas by
    Monday afternoon. Guidance suggest there will be MLCIN in place
    across some portion of the central plains, weakening with northward
    extent into central Nebraska. Forcing for ascent is along expected
    to be greatest in the region from central Nebraska into southern
    South Dakota with the advancing wave and cold front, which should
    aid eroding of remaining CIN. Deep layer shear largely parallel to
    the cold front should encourage linear modes, with potential for
    damaging wind given steep low to mid-level lapse rates. This should
    advance eastward along the front into portions of the Upper Mid-west
    through time.

    More isolated development may be possible across portions of the
    central Plains, though warmer 850 mb temperatures and stronger MLCIN
    beneath higher heights will keep the overall severe threat more
    marginal. Forecast soundings suggest that moderate deep-layer shear
    and steep mid-level lapse rates will be in place over much of the
    moist air mass. This should support an isolated severe threat, with
    hail and strong wind gusts possible.

    ..Thornton.. 06/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 15 07:25:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sun Jun 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with an isolated large hail and wind-damage threat
    will be possible on Tuesday across parts of the central Plains and
    lower to mid Missouri Valley. Outside of this area, marginally
    severe storms may develop over parts of the central U.S. An isolated
    severe threat is also expected across parts of the Central
    Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Great Plains/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley/Mid to Upper
    Mississippi Valley...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough is forecast to move into the
    Rockies on Tuesday, as a ridge remains in place over the southern
    Plains. At the surface, a cold front will advance southward through
    the central U.S., likely reaching southern Kansas, northwest
    Missouri and southeast Iowa by afternoon. To the south of the front,
    surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 70s F will contribute to
    moderate to strong instability across much of this moist airmass by
    afternoon. As low-level convergence increases, convection is
    expected to initiate along and near the front, with scattered strong
    to severe thunderstorms moving southeastward toward the instability
    axis in the late afternoon and early evening.

    Model forecasts suggest that an impressive thermodynamic environment
    will be in place ahead of the front by Tuesday afternoon. From 21Z
    to 00Z, NAM forecast soundings along parts of the instability axis
    have MLCAPE peaking between 4000 and 5000 J/kg. Moderate deep-layer
    shear is also forecast, mostly due to speed shear in the mid-levels.
    This environment should support supercells with large hail,
    especially early in the event when storms are more likely be
    discrete. A wind-damage threat is also expected to develop as storms
    congeal, and as a line gradually organizes. The severe threat should
    persist through much of the evening, with MCS development possible.

    Further northwest into parts of the central High Plains, upslope
    easterly flow is forecast within a post-frontal airmass. Surface
    dewpoints will be mostly in the 50s F. As surface temperatures warm
    during the day, pockets of moderate instability are expected to
    develop over parts of the region. Thunderstorms are expected to
    initiate in the higher terrain during the early to mid afternoon,
    with storms moving eastward into the lower elevations. Steep
    mid-level lapse rates and moderate deep-layer shear should be
    sufficient for a marginal severe threat.

    ...Central Appalachians/Mid-Atlantic...
    At mid-levels, a subtle shortwave trough is forecast to move
    eastward across the southern and central Appalachians on Tuesday.
    Ahead of this feature, a very moist airmass will be in place with
    surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 70s F over much of the
    Atlantic Coastal Plain. By afternoon, moderate instability is
    expected to develop within most of this airmass. Convection will
    initiate in the higher terrain of the Appalachians, and move
    eastward into the lower elevations during the afternoon. Moderate
    deep-layer shear and steep low-level lapse rates, evident on
    forecast soundings, will contribute to a marginal wind-damage
    threat.

    ..Broyles.. 06/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 15 19:29:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Sun Jun 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    INTO EASTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail, damaging winds, and isolated
    tornadoes are possible Tuesday across parts of the central Plains
    and mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough will move east across the upper Great Lakes, with
    a cold front from parts of lower MI extending southwestward into KS.
    Meanwhile, a larger/low-amplitude trough will continue moving across
    the Rockies and to the high Plans by 00Z. Low pressure forecast to
    develop over the TX/OK Panhandles, with a dryline extending
    southward into northwest TX.

    A large area of strong instability will exist over much of KS, MO,
    OK and AR, with MUCAPE of 4000-5000 J/kg possible, supporting
    significant damaging winds, locally significant hail and a couple
    tornadoes.

    ...Central Plains...
    Indications are that an MCS or remnants will affect NE into northern
    or eastern KS early on Tuesday. Given strong destabilization east of
    this potential activity, a damaging wind risk could persist into
    parts of IA and MO.

    Later in the day, the air mass south and west of any such convective
    system (or residual outflow) will become very unstable. While
    capping will limit southward development, over OK and the
    Panhandles, hot temperatures and southwest flow across those regions
    will combine with mid 70s F dewpoints over KS yielding late
    afternoon and evening storms. Slow-moving supercells will be
    possible initially, especially near any old outflows where SRH will
    be maximized. Both tornadoes and very large hail will be possible.
    Otherwise, an increasing southwest low-level jet to 50 kt will
    support a severe MCS across KS and perhaps into western MO late.
    Damaging and potentially destructive wind gusts may occur.

    ..Jewell.. 06/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 16 07:12:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160712
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail are expected
    on Wednesday from the southern Plains to the southern Great Lakes.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley/Ohio Valley/Southern Great Lakes...
    A mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward through
    the Upper Midwest on Wednesday. At the surface, a low is forecast to
    deepen and move northeastward into the western Great Lakes, as a
    cold front advances eastward into the mid Mississippi Valley. Ahead
    of the front, surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 70s F will
    contribute to moderate instability across much of the airmass by
    afternoon. Thunderstorms are expected to develop along and ahead of
    the front, with several convective clusters moving eastward toward
    the stronger instability during the late afternoon and early
    evening.

    Model forecasts suggest that the strongest instability will be
    located over the mid Mississippi and lower Ohio Valleys, while the
    strongest deep-layer shear will be located in the southern Great
    Lakes. The disjointed nature of the pattern could mean that the
    severe threat could remain relatively unfocused. The current
    thinking is that a broad corridor with an isolated severe threat
    will develop during the afternoon. Supercells with hail will be
    possible. However, it appears convection may tend to organize into
    lines, which would result in the greatest severe threat being wind
    damage. The severe threat is expected to move eastward into the
    lower Great Lakes and into part of the Ohio Valley by early to mid
    evening.

    ...Southern Plains/Ozarks...
    The southern extent of a mid-level shortwave trough is forecast to
    move through the southern Plains on Wednesday. By afternoon, a cold
    front is forecast to be located from western Oklahoma to western
    Missouri. To the southeast of the front, surface dewpoints in the
    upper 60s to lower 70s F will likely enable moderate instability to
    develop across much of the moist airmass by afternoon. As surface
    temperatures warm during the day, convective initiation should take
    place along and near the front. Multiple convective clusters appear
    likely to initiate and move toward an axis of moderate instability
    during the afternoon. NAM forecast soundings at 21Z near the
    instability axis in Oklahoma and Missouri have 0-6km shear in the 30
    to 35 knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates of 7.5 to 8 C/km.
    Supercells with large hail will be possible. However, storm mode may
    tend to favor multicell lines or clusters with wind-damage
    potential. The severe threat is expected to continue into the
    evening, with the overall threat moving southeastward.

    ..Broyles.. 06/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 16 19:33:31 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM LOWER
    MICHIGAN SOUTHWESTWARD INTO OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail are expected
    on Wednesday from the southern Plains to the southern Great Lakes,
    and over a small part of the Mid Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Wednesday, an upper trough will move from the central Plains
    across the mid to upper MS Valley, with a lead wave moving from MO
    into Lower MI. A surface low is expected from eastern IA into lower
    MI during the day, with a trough extending southwestward across IL,
    MO, and OK. A very moist and unstable air mass will exist ahead of
    this main front with upper 60s to lower 70s F dewpoints.

    To the east, a weak surface trough is forecast to develop over the
    Mid Atlantic, where strong heating will lead to an unstable air mass
    beneath modest southwest flow aloft around western Atlantic high.

    ...MI southwestward into OK...
    Scattered storms may be ongoing Wednesday morning from IA into MO
    and northeast OK, with remnant MCS activity. It appears the greatest
    ascent will move across northern areas coincident with the shortwave
    trough, from northern IL into lower MI. Here, shear profiles will
    likely support supercells, including hail and perhaps tornado
    threat.

    Farther south, stronger instability and PWAT will exist along the
    front but with weaker shear. Substantial convection is expected with
    areas of damaging winds likely. Some of these storms may move south
    to southwest due to propagation. Given steep midlevel lapse rates,
    sporadic hail may occur as well.

    ...Eastern PA and MD...NJ...DE...
    Moderate instability is forecast to develop around the DelMarVa and
    into eastern PA and NJ, with primarily tall/moist CAPE profiles as
    seen on forecast soundings. Sufficient surface convergence is likely
    to initiate scattered storms during the afternoon from eastern PA
    into eastern MD, moving across NJ and DE by late afternoon/early
    evening. Given the favorable time of day, high PWAT and modest
    westerly flow aloft, some of these storms may produce locally
    damaging gusts, and perhaps small to marginal hail.

    ..Jewell.. 06/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 17 07:33:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NEW ENGLAND
    INTO THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe thunderstorms are forecast on Thursday
    from parts of New England into the Mid Atlantic and Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A seasonably deep mid/upper-level trough is forecast to move across
    parts of southeastern Canada and adjacent portions of the northeast
    CONUS on Thursday. In conjunction with this trough, a surface
    cyclone is expected to move from southeast Ontario into southern
    Quebec, as a trailing cold front moves through parts of the
    Northeast/New England and the Mid Atlantic.

    To the west, an upper-level ridge will continue to build from the
    southern Rockies into parts of the central Great Plains, with
    multiple midlevel shortwave troughs expected to move from the Great
    Basin into the northern Rockies and High Plains along the periphery
    of the ridge.

    ...Parts of New England southward into the Mid Atlantic, Carolinas,
    and Southeast...
    Rich low-level moisture will already be in place across parts of the
    Carolinas and Mid Atlantic Thursday morning, with some northward
    moisture transport expected through the day along/ahead of the
    approaching front. Guidance continues to vary somewhat regarding
    timing of the front, and also the extent to which stronger
    mid/upper-level flow lags behind the front. However, in general,
    moderate destabilization is expected into at least southern New
    England by afternoon, and perhaps farther north depending on
    lingering cloudiness and frontal timing.

    Scattered thunderstorm development will be possible along/ahead of
    the front from the Carolinas/Mid Atlantic into New England during
    the afternoon. Wind fields will generally be stronger with northward
    extent. Depending on the extent of destabilization, supercells and
    organized clusters will be possible across parts of New England and
    perhaps the northern Mid Atlantic, which would pose some threat of
    all severe hazards. Farther south into the southern Mid Atlantic and
    Carolinas, deep-layer shear will be weaker, but favorable low-level
    moisture, strong buoyancy, and modest midlevel southwesterlies will
    support outflow-driven clusters capable of damaging winds and
    possibly some hail.

    The organized severe threat will tend to decrease with southwestward
    extent, due to weaker deep-layer flow. However, favorable low-level
    moisture and buoyancy could support a few strong to locally severe
    storms along the trailing cold front into parts of the Southeast
    during the late afternoon and evening.

    ...Parts of the Upper Great Lakes/Midwest...
    In the wake of the departing mid/upper-level shortwave trough,
    modest lingering low-level moisture beneath relatively cool
    temperatures aloft may support moderate diurnal destabilization
    across parts of the Upper Great Lakes and Midwest. Some guidance
    develops southeastward-moving convection across parts of northeast
    MN into northern WI during the afternoon, possibly in response to a
    midlevel jetlet approaching the Upper Midwest from the northwest.
    This scenario is uncertain, but moderate midlevel northwesterly flow
    and sufficient deep-layer shear would support at least an isolated
    severe threat if convection can be sustained during the afternoon
    and evening. Other strong storms may develop Thursday night within a warm-advection regime.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Increasing low-level southerly flow will aid in low-level moisture
    return across parts of the central/northern Plains on Thursday.
    Strong diurnal heating will result in MLCAPE increasing above 2000
    J/kg into parts of the Dakotas and Nebraska. Wind profiles will
    support organized convection, and MLCINH may be mostly eroded by
    late afternoon, though potential for storm development into evening
    is highly uncertain, given the presence of rising midlevel heights
    and generally limited large-scale ascent.

    Later Thursday evening into the overnight, a nocturnal low-level jet
    may aid in elevated storm development, though the details of any
    severe threat associated with this potential late-period convection
    remain uncertain at this time.

    ..Dean.. 06/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 17 19:22:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Tue Jun 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NEW ENGLAND
    INTO THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe thunderstorms are forecast on Thursday
    from parts of New England into the Mid Atlantic and Carolinas.

    ...Parts of New England to the Southeast...
    A mid-level trough and associated surface cold front will move east
    from the eastern Great Lakes to the Atlantic coast on Thursday.
    Ahead of this cold front, upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints are
    forecast from the southeast to New England. Modest heating ahead of
    this front should result in moderate to strong instability ahead of
    the cold front Thursday afternoon. Mid-level flow will gradually
    strengthen from south to north with increasing storm
    organization/severity expected. The most focused zone of a
    potentially greater severe weather threat will likely exist from
    eastern Pennsylvania northward into eastern New York and Vermont.
    While instability is not forecast to be as strong this far north,
    strong forcing and strong shear may result in supercells and
    organized bowing segments with damaging wind gusts as the primary
    hazard.

    ...Southwest Montana...
    Weak height falls are expected across western Montana on Thursday afternoon/evening. Weak instability is forecast to develop across
    the region as temperatures warm into the 80s. These high-based
    thunderstorms will be capable of isolated severe wind gusts given
    the very deeply mixed boundary layer and strong shear across the
    region.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    A southeastward moving mid-level shortwave trough will traverse
    northern Minnesota and Wisconsin Thursday afternoon. Some
    strengthening of the low-level jet is anticipated as this shifts
    southeast with increasing isentropic ascent. Moderate instability
    within this zone may permit isolated strong to severe storms where
    isentropic ascent is maximized. Large hail and damaging wind gusts
    would be the primary threat.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop across the
    northern Plains Thursday afternoon/evening. Storms may develop along
    the dryline/surface trough. However, rising heights aloft may keep
    convective coverage limited across the region. In addition, a
    nocturnally strengthening low-level jet may result in additional
    strong to severe storm development across portions of the northern
    Plains Thursday night.

    ..Bentley.. 06/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 07:33:17 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST/GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop Friday into Friday night across
    parts of the northern Plains and upper Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level ridge is forecast to amplify on Friday from the
    southern Plains into parts of the MS/OH Valleys, as a seasonably
    deep mid/upper-level trough moves gradually eastward over the West.
    Rich low-level moisture will continue to stream northward to the
    east of a deepening lee surface cyclone across the northern High
    Plains. Multiple shortwaves may emanate out of the western trough
    and traverse the periphery of the building ridge from the northern Rockies/Plains into the Upper Midwest and parts of Great Lakes.

    ...Northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Uncertainty remains high regarding the details of convective
    evolution Friday into Friday night, but potential for severe storm
    development within a relatively volatile environment remains
    evident.

    To the east of the High Plains cyclone and trailing surface trough,
    and along/south of an effective warm front, strong to extreme
    buoyancy will develop Friday afternoon across parts of the
    central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest. Details of diurnal
    storm development (if any) within this regime remain unclear.
    Warming temperatures aloft may tend to suppress development across
    the warm sector, but shortwaves emanating out of the western
    mid/upper-level trough may aid in development of an isolated
    supercell or two near the surface trough/dryline and/or effective
    warm front. Any surface-based development within this regime could
    pose a threat for all severe hazards.

    A somewhat more likely scenario is for storms to expand in coverage
    near/north of the warm front during the evening, in response to a
    strengthening low-level jet and related warm-advection regime. Large
    to extreme buoyancy and favorable deep-layer shear will support
    organized convection, with upscale growth into a potentially intense
    MCS possible with time. At this time, the most likely MCS corridor
    appears to be somewhere from eastern ND into central/northern MN,
    northern WI, and upper MI, though uncertainty remains high due to
    varying guidance solutions regarding the location of the warm front
    and evolution of the low-level jet.

    Despite the remaining uncertainty, a Slight Risk has been added
    given the conditional potential for significant severe weather. Some adjustments to this area will likely be needed with time, along with
    possible upgrades.

    ...Montana...
    Low-level easterly flow will transport modest moisture into parts of central/western MT during the day on Friday. Increasingly difluent
    upper-level flow associated with the deep western trough will
    support development of scattered to numerous thunderstorms through
    the day into Friday night. Elongated hodographs will support
    organized storms, with a threat of at least isolated hail and strong
    to severe gusts with initial convection over western MT. One or more
    clusters may move into central and northeast MT by evening, with a
    continued threat of severe gusts and hail. Depending on trends
    regarding destabilization, greater severe probabilities may
    eventually be needed.

    ...Lower Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Modest low-level moistening is possible during the day on Friday
    from the lower Great Lakes into the Northeast, within a developing northwesterly flow regime in the wake of a departing mid/upper-level
    trough. While wind profiles may become somewhat favorable for
    organized convection, relatively cool post-frontal conditions and
    generally weak midlevel lapse rates will tend to limit
    destabilization, and any foci for robust storm development are not
    clear at this time.

    ..Dean.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 18 19:22:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 PM CDT Wed Jun 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST/GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop Friday into Friday night across
    parts of the northern Plains and upper Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level ridging will be centered over the northern Plains on
    Friday. There is considerable uncertainty regarding evolution of the
    ridge with some potential for a mid-level shortwave trough to eject
    from a western CONUS trough. The exact evolution of this mid-level
    pattern and embedded shortwave troughs will significantly impact
    severe weather potential on Friday.

    ...Northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Guidance is in agreement regarding low to mid 70s dewpoints into the
    northern Plains by Friday afternoon/evening. As temperatures warm
    well into the 90s, very strong to extreme instability is forecast to
    develop across much of the northern Plains and Upper Midwest. Storm coverage/location is the primary question given the strong ridging
    and strong 700mb temperatures across the region. A surface low is
    forecast to develop somewhere near the Black Hills with a warm
    frontal zone extending eastward from this surface low. This warm
    front will likely be the focus for the most intense severe storm
    potential on Friday. A stronger mid-level shortwave trough, as
    indicated by the 12Z ECMWF, would likely be a scenario with the
    greatest severe weather threat. This would involve supercell
    development near the surface low/triple point and extending eastward
    along the warm front. Eventual upscale growth into a forward
    propagating MCS would be likely during the evening with a track
    along this frontal zone. This scenario could have the potential for
    an intense MCS capable of significant severe wind gusts.

    However, if the mid-level shortwave trough is weaker, storm coverage
    may be more isolated as warmer mid-level temperatures prevail. In
    this scenario, the environment would still support the potential for
    intense storms, but storm coverage would remain questionable.

    Regardless of the diurnal threat, the risk will likely persist into
    the overnight period across northern Minnesota and northern
    Wisconsin as a broad low-level jet strengthens across the Plains and
    Upper Midwest. This isentropic ascent, combined with a reservoir of
    very strong instability and steep lapse rates will support a severe
    weather threat through the overnight period.

    ..Bentley.. 06/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 07:32:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe storms are possible Saturday from the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    The large-scale pattern on Saturday will not change appreciably,
    with a seasonably deep upper trough over the West, and an amplified
    upper ridge over the Southeast and Ohio Valley. A lee trough and
    surface low will remain in place over the central/northern High
    Plains, with an expansive area of rich low-level moisture east of
    the low/trough across the Plains and upper Midwest.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Confidence is quite low regarding the details of severe-storm
    potential on Saturday, though conditional potential remains evident
    along the periphery of the upper ridge. An MCS that may develop late
    on D2/Friday may be moving across parts of the northern Great Lakes
    at the start of the period (and possibly posing a severe-wind
    threat), though it is possible that the bulk of this MCS will be in
    Ontario through the day. This MCS (or its remnant MCV) may move
    southeastward toward the lower Great Lakes and NY/PA by evening, and
    could pose some severe threat if it does not become displaced from
    the buoyancy reservoir to its southwest.

    Some redevelopment cannot be ruled out in the wake of the potential
    morning MCS into the upper Great Lakes/Midwest. Buoyancy and shear
    will remain favorable for organized severe storms, but confidence is
    low regarding coverage and location at this time.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Strong storms that develop on D2/Friday be ongoing Saturday morning
    across eastern MT, and could pose an isolated severe hail/wind
    threat. Guidance varies regarding instability/moisture across
    eastern MT later in the day, but if some diurnal destabilization can
    occur, then ascent related to the western trough may aid in
    additional strong storm development.

    Stronger instability will reside across the Dakotas, and the
    greatest relative threat for a couple supercells and/or an organized
    storm cluster currently appears to be across parts of ND during the
    afternoon and evening. However, confidence is too low for higher
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Dean.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 19 19:27:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Thu Jun 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE
    NORTHERN TIER OF STATES FROM EASTERN MONTANA INTO NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe storms are possible Saturday from the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis and discussion...
    On Saturday, an upper low will move from ID into Canada, with a mean
    trough over the Northwest. A belt of strong flow aloft will remain
    from the eastern Great Basin into eastern MT, coincident with a
    tight midlevel temperature gradient. At the surface, low pressure
    will extend from MN into the central High Plains, with drier
    westerly winds from MT into the Dakotas.

    To the east, an upper high will remain situated over the TN Valley,
    with ridge building northward across the Great Lakes and parts of
    the Northeast. While early day storms are possible in a warm
    advection zone from northern WI across MI and into northern OH, the
    rising heights associated with this ridge will likely allow these
    storms to dissipate by late morning.

    Late day/evening storms may develop over parts of NY into southern
    New England beneath northwest flow aloft, and this development will
    be aided by theta-e advection at 850 mb out of the west. Given this
    influx of instability, potential will exist for isolated marginal
    storms with hail or gusty winds.

    To the west, while the upper Great Lakes/upper MS Valley region will
    be quite unstable, daytime/evening development is less certain given
    the upper ridge and minimal lift. However, hot temperatures near the
    surface trough could be a favored area of isolated development.
    Locally damaging gusts or marginal hail would be the most likely
    threats.

    ..Jewell.. 06/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 20 07:32:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Jun 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL NE
    INTO NORTHWEST IA...THE EASTERN DAKOTAS...AND WESTERN/CENTRAL MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop on Sunday from parts of the central
    and northern Plains into the upper Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough and attendant jet maximum are
    forecast to move from the central Rockies towards the northern Great
    Plains on Sunday. A surface low will move from NE/SD northeast
    toward Lake Superior, as a trailing cold front moves through parts
    of the northern/central Plains. Downstream, an upper ridge will
    amplify further across the eastern CONUS through the day, as a
    shortwave trough initially over New England moves offshore.

    ...Great Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Strong to extreme instability is again forecast to develop
    along/ahead of the cold front across parts of the central/northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest. Guidance generally suggests that
    stronger ascent and deep-layer flow associated with the ejecting mid/upper-level shortwave trough may lag behind the front, resulting
    in some uncertainty regarding the magnitude and coverage of the
    severe threat. However, strong diurnal heating will support
    potential for storm development in the vicinity of the front, and
    also southward along a surface trough into the central and perhaps
    southern High Plains.

    Given the magnitude of instability, deep-layer shear will be
    sufficient for some storm organization, with a few strong cells or
    clusters possible. A Slight Risk has been added from central NE into
    MN, where confidence is currently greatest in development of widely
    scattered strong to severe storms during the afternoon and evening.
    Convection may persist into late Sunday night, with an isolated
    severe threat spreading gradually eastward.

    Isolated severe storms will also be possible within the post-frontal
    regime across the central/northern High Plains, though guidance
    varies regarding the magnitude of MUCAPE in this region. High-based
    storms may develop into parts of the southern High Plains, with a
    threat of isolated strong to severe gusts.

    ...Parts of the Northeast/New England...
    Guidance varies substantially regarding the strength/timing of the
    shortwave trough and related flow fields that will move across New
    England Sunday morning. Depending on the strength of the system and
    the evolution of convection on D2/Saturday, there is some potential
    for isolated strong to severe storms Sunday across the region, given
    the presence of increasing buoyancy and favorable deep-layer shear.
    A slower system could result in a more robust diurnal threat, while
    a faster system may confine the primary threat to the morning.

    ..Dean.. 06/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 20 18:57:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201856
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201855

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 PM CDT Fri Jun 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop on Sunday from parts of the central
    and northern Plains into the upper Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level ridge will amplify further across the eastern
    CONUS on Sunday with a weak mid-level shortwave trough traversing
    the northeast. A trough across the west will start to weaken and
    move into the northern Plains during the period. At the surface,
    troughing will extend along a frontal zone from northern Minnesota
    to the central High Plains on Sunday.

    ...Great Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Very strong to extreme instability is forecast to develop across the
    central and northern Plains on Sunday. However, very warm low-mid
    level temperatures should keep the warm sector mostly capped for
    much of the day. Therefore, thunderstorm development should be
    mostly confined to the front. However, even along the frontal zone,
    storm coverage may be mostly isolated given that forcing from the
    mid-level trough may remain mostly northwest of the frontal zone. In
    addition, the strong mid-level flow is forecast to remain mostly
    post-frontal which may limit storm organization across Nebraska and
    South Dakota.

    Given the somewhat decoupled upper-level and low-level pattern, the
    severe storm threat is more conditional across eastern South Dakota,
    Nebraska, and southwest Minnesota with the higher probability storm
    threat across eastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota where
    cooler temperatures aloft, stronger shear, and stronger forcing
    should be present. Severe wind gusts would be the most likely threat
    from this activity.

    ...Parts of the Northeast...
    Storms may be ongoing at the beginning of the period across the
    Northeast as a mid-level shortwave trough shifts southeast. These
    storms could be marginally severe with some damaging wind threat. In
    the wake of this convection, very strong to extreme instability is
    expected to build into the Northeast, but very warm lower
    tropospheric temperatures and building heights aloft should suppress
    additional afternoon thunderstorms.

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 21 07:33:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sat Jun 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    UPPER MIDWEST AND NORTHERN GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe storms may develop Monday from parts of
    the Great Lakes into the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Little change to the large-scale pattern is expected on Monday, with
    a persistent upper trough over the western CONUS, and an amplified
    upper ridge covering much of the East. A shortwave ejecting from the
    western trough is forecast to move quickly northeastward toward
    Hudson Bay by Monday evening. In the wake of this feature, guidance
    generally depicts only low-amplitude vorticity maxima moving around
    the periphery of the ridge from the central/southern Plains into the
    Great Lakes.

    At the surface, a front is forecast to be draped from the central
    Plains into the Great Lakes. The northeast portion of this front may
    continue to move eastward through the day, as a surface low moves
    across Ontario. To the southwest, the front may stall or begin to
    move northward as a warm front, as a weak surface wave persists over
    the central High Plains.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Potential for extensive convection on D2/Sunday creates some
    uncertainty regarding frontal position on Monday. Locally strong
    storms may be ongoing Monday morning, with a general increase in
    storm coverage expected during the afternoon where strong heating is
    realized in the vicinity of the front. Stronger deep-layer flow will
    again be displaced to the cool side of the front, but 30-40 kt of
    midlevel flow overlapping moderate to strong buoyancy will support
    some potential for organized storms. Mostly unidirectional
    southwesterly flow could support one or more forward-propagating
    clusters, with a threat of damaging wind and isolated hail.

    ...Central Plains vicinity...
    Deep-layer flow/shear will be somewhat weaker across parts of the
    central Plains, compared to areas farther northeast. However, strong
    heating will result in development of moderate to locally strong
    instability. Scattered storm development is expected within a weakly
    capped environment, and a few modestly organized cells/clusters
    could evolve with time, posing a threat for strong to severe gusts
    and isolated hail.

    Some westward moisture transport will be possible into parts of the
    central High Plains and Front Range, within a post-frontal regime.
    Isolated storms may develop within this regime, though generally
    modest midlevel lapse rates may tend to limit robust
    destabilization.

    ...Northern New England...
    Strong to extreme instability will again reside across parts of the
    Northeast and New England Monday afternoon, along the northern
    periphery of the upper ridge. However, the influence of the upper
    ridge is still expected to limit storm potential through the day.
    This region will continue to be monitored for the possibility that
    storms developing across Quebec may affect parts of northern New
    England, though this scenario is too uncertain for severe
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Dean.. 06/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 21 19:16:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211914
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 PM CDT Sat Jun 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe storms may develop on Monday, from
    parts of the Great Lakes into the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad mid-level troughing across the western U.S., as well as upper
    ridging across the eastern CONUS, will remain in place Monday. The
    embedded mid-level shortwave trough and associated surface low over
    the northern U.S. on Day 2 (Sunday) will eject into Ontario on
    Monday. As such, overall synoptic ascent will decrease across the northern/central CONUS through the period. Nonetheless, surface lee
    troughing and a trailing frontal boundary will serve as the impetus
    for thunderstorm development across parts of the Great Lakes into
    the central Plains, where adequate buoyancy will support strong to
    potentially severe thunderstorms.

    ...Great Lakes/Upper Midwest...
    Thunderstorm development is likely along or immediately ahead of the
    frontal boundary by Monday afternoon. Deep-layer flow/shear will be
    oriented roughly parallel to the surface boundary, encouraging
    mainly multicellular/linear structures. 30 kts of effective bulk
    shear will be in place, amid 2000 J/kg MLCAPE, driven by 7 C/km
    mid-level lapse rates atop 70 F surface dewpoints. As such, the more
    robust, longer-lived storms may support a few instances of severe
    wind and/or hail.

    ...Portions of the central Plains...
    Thunderstorms may develop immediately along the surface boundary, as
    well as behind the front across the central Plains by afternoon peak
    heating. Deep-layer shear will be weaker here compared to the Great
    Lakes, though low-level lapse rates may be steeper (i.e. over 8.5
    C/km), yielding MLCAPE values at least in the 2000-3000 J/kg range.
    As such, any of the more intense pulse cellular or multicellular
    storms that develop may produce few severe gusts.

    ...New England...
    Strong to locally extreme buoyancy, driven by a residual EML, will
    meander over the Mid Atlantic to New England on Monday as a surface
    anticyclone and associated upper ridge remains in place. Upper
    support is lacking for appreciable thunderstorm development. Some of
    the latest guidance suggests that strong thunderstorm potential will
    be confined to the periphery of the upper ridge over central Quebec.
    However, thunderstorm probabilities have been maintained given the
    possibility of a trailing stray storm over southern Quebec
    potentially impinging on northern New England.

    ..Squitieri.. 06/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 22 07:31:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Jun 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE NORTHERN/CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Tuesday from eastern Wyoming into
    southwest South Dakota, the Nebraska Panhandle, and northeast
    Colorado. Isolated strong to severe storms will also be possible
    from parts of the central Plains and Midwest into the Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    Little change to the large-scale pattern is expected on Tuesday. An
    upper trough will remain in place over the West, while an expansive
    upper ridge will persist from the southern Plains into the eastern
    CONUS. A cold front will move southward across parts of the
    Northeast and New England. Farther west, an outflow-influenced front
    will be draped from central Plains into the Great Lakes, with the
    western portion of this front potentially moving northward as a warm
    front across the central/northern High Plains.

    ...Central/northern High Plains vicinity...
    A gradual increase in low-level moisture is expected into parts of
    the central/northern High Plains and adjacent high terrain areas on
    Tuesday. Moderate instability may develop by afternoon, with
    scattered storm development possible. This region will be on the
    periphery of stronger southwesterly flow aloft associated with the
    western trough. However, veering wind profiles will provide
    sufficient deep-layer shear for storm organization, including
    potential for supercells capable of large hail, localized severe
    gusts, and possibly a tornado. Some upscale growth is possible into
    the evening as convection moves into lower terrain, though the
    severe threat with this scenario is more uncertain.

    A Slight Risk has been added where wind profiles appear most
    favorable for supercells, from eastern WY into the central High
    Plains.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Scattered diurnal storm development will again be possible from the
    central Plains into the Great Lakes, with the greatest coverage in
    the vicinity of the front. Guidance generally suggests that
    low/midlevel flow may be slightly weaker compared to D2/Monday, but
    moderate to strong buoyancy will still support some potential for
    strong to locally severe storms. Loosely organized cells/clusters
    will be capable of producing at least isolated damaging wind, and
    perhaps some hail.

    ...Lower Great Lakes into New England...
    Strong instability will likely develop along/south of the advancing
    cold front from the lower Great Lakes region into New England. A
    shortwave trough moving eastward across northern Ontario/Quebec will
    result in some dampening of the upper ridge in this region, though
    the strongest deep-layer flow and large-scale ascent is expected to
    be displaced north of the front. Effective shear will be sufficient
    for some storm organization, though coverage of storm development
    remains uncertain at this time. A Marginal Risk has been included
    for this area, and greater severe probabilities may eventually be
    needed if trends support more than isolated storm coverage.

    ..Dean.. 06/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 22 19:22:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Sun Jun 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER EASTERN
    WYOMING AND VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Tuesday from eastern Wyoming into
    southwest South Dakota, the Nebraska Panhandle, and northeast
    Colorado. Isolated strong to severe storms will also be possible
    from parts of the central Plains and Midwest into the Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper ridge over the East will flatten on Tuesday as a strong
    upper trough moves across Ontario and Quebec, with the strongest
    height falls occurring overnight. To the west, shortwave ridging
    will occur over the northern Plains during the day, as a weakening
    and low-amplitude wave moves from UT into WY through 00Z. This
    system will continue into the northern Plains overnight, providing
    cooling aloft.

    At the surface, high pressure will extend from the upper Great Lakes
    into the Southeast, with southerly winds persisting over the Plains.
    A boundary from Lower MI into NE will surge north as a warm front
    late in the day and overnight, with backed/easterly winds along this
    front allowing for near 60 F dewpoints as far west as eastern WY.

    Late in the day, a cold front associated with the Quebec upper
    trough will push south across NY, PA, and New England, providing a
    focus for storms as the antecedent air mass will be unstable.

    ...Northern to central High Plains...
    Morning thunderstorms may be ongoing from parts of NE and KS
    northeastward into Lower MI, but probably not severe at that time.
    As heating occurs, re-development is possible, both along the
    developing warm front or with any MCVs or residual outflow
    boundaries. The weak shear environment coupled with moderate
    instability will primarily yield sporadic clusters of strong to
    locally damaging wind gusts.

    Farther west into eastern WY and northeast CO, supercell potential
    will exist late in the day and during the evening, as moist easterly
    flow eventually becomes uncapped generally east of a Casper to
    Cheyenne to Denver line. Aided by steep lapse rates/heating over the
    higher terrain, and the approaching upper trough, widely scattered
    cells are anticipated, with large hail the most likely threat. A
    brief tornado cannot be ruled out. While capping will be an issue
    after dark, the lifting warm front may support additional storms
    into western SD/NE.

    ...Northeast Late Afternoon/Evening...
    Forecast soundings across the area depict relatively warm profiles
    aloft, though still unstable with 1500-2000 J/kg MUCAPE. Given this,
    widely scattered thunderstorms are expected from Lake Huron eastward
    into parts of New England late in the day. As these storms should be
    timed near peak heating, localized strong downbursts will be
    possible.

    ..Jewell.. 06/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 23 07:43:43 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230743
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230742

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0242 AM CDT Mon Jun 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN A CORRIDOR
    FROM THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST AND NORTHEAST...AND
    ALSO ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe storms are possible Wednesday in a
    corridor from the northern High Plains into the Midwest and
    Northeast, and also across parts of the Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper ridge is forecast to persist across parts of the Ohio
    Valley and Southeast on Wednesday, with some gradual weakening of
    the ridge expected through the forecast period. Multiple
    low-amplitude midlevel shortwave troughs will move along the western
    and northern periphery of the ridge, from the central/northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes. Along the southern
    periphery of the ridge, a slow-moving mid/upper-level low will is
    forecast to approach Florida from the Bahamas.

    ...Parts of the central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    A remnant MCS may be ongoing somewhere from the north-central Plains
    into parts of southern MN/northern IA Wednesday morning. This system
    is currently expected to gradually diminish with time as the
    nocturnal low-level jet weakens. A localized severe could accompany
    this remnant MCS through part of the morning.

    In the wake of this MCS, diurnal heating of a richly moist
    environment will support strong destabilization near an
    outflow-reinforced front. Storm development will be possible along
    this front/outflow by late afternoon, with MLCAPE potentially in
    excess of 3000 J/kg supporting vigorous updrafts. Deep-layer flow
    will be relatively modest, though locally backed winds near the
    boundary could support initial supercell development, before storm
    clustering becomes more prominent with time. Damaging winds,
    isolated hail, and possibly a tornado could accompany the strongest afternoon/evening storms. A corridor of greater severe probabilities
    may eventually be needed, if confidence increases regarding the
    evolution of morning convection and placement of remnant surface
    boundaries.

    Farther west, a relatively moist post-frontal regime could again
    support strong to potentially severe storms across parts of the central/northern High Plains. There is some potential for this
    region to be in the wake of a departing midlevel shortwave trough
    during the afternoon and evening, making diurnal storm coverage
    uncertain. Deep-layer shear will be sufficient for at least an
    isolated severe threat in the region during the afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Lower Great Lakes into the Mid Atlantic/Northeast...
    Scattered storm development will be possible Wednesday afternoon
    across parts of the lower Great Lakes into the Mid Atlantic and
    Northeast, along/south of a cold front. While temperatures aloft
    will be rather warm, diurnal heating will support moderate to
    locally strong buoyancy. Deep-layer flow/shear is forecast to be
    relatively weak, but unidirectional west-northwesterly flow could
    support outflow-dominant clusters capable of at least isolated wind
    damage.

    ...Parts of the Southeast/Carolinas...
    A pocket of steep midlevel lapse rates will be in place across parts
    of the Southeast and Carolinas on Wednesday. The favorable lapse
    rates combined with strong diurnal heating of a very moist airmass
    will result in development of strong to extreme instability by
    afternoon. With some further weakening of the upper ridge, storm
    coverage may increase compared to previous days.

    20-30 kt of northeasterly flow aloft will also develop across parts
    of the region, to the northwest of the offshore upper low. This
    modestly enhanced flow could support at least transient storm
    organization within the very unstable environment. Damaging winds
    and isolated hail will be possible within this regime. Any loosely
    organized clustering could result in localized corridors of more
    concentrated wind damage.

    ..Dean.. 06/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 23 19:31:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Mon Jun 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN/CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS TO THE MIDWEST...GREAT LAKES AND THE MID-ATLANTIC...SOUTHWARD ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST AND INTO FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to potentially severe storms are possible Wednesday in a
    corridor from the northern High Plains into the Midwest and
    Northeast, and also along and east of the Appalachians into the
    Southeast and much of Florida

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level ridging across the eastern CONUS will start to weaken on
    Wednesday. A weak low will move west across the Florida Peninsula
    during the period. A strong mid-level jet streak will extend along
    the northeastern periphery of the ridge from northern Ontario to the
    Northeast. The trough across the western CONUS will deamplify
    through the period with a weak shortwave trough ejecting into the
    Plains.

    ...Northern/Central High Plains and adjacent Plains...
    A deepening surface low will develop across northeast
    Colorado/northwest Kansas, and southwest Nebraska on Wednesday as a
    mid-level trough ejects over the Plains. Moderate instability is
    expected to develop south of the front which will extend east from
    this surface low across Nebraska and into Iowa. Isolated to
    scattered storms are expected along this front and near the
    intersection with the dryline/surface low. While mid-level flow is
    forecast to be somewhat weak, stronger upper-level flow may provide
    sufficient upper-level venting/deep-layer shear for some supercell organization.

    Stronger flow will be present farther north across northeast Wyoming
    and southeast Montana. A few supercells are possible if low 60s
    dewpoints can advect into the region with moderate instability.

    ...Midwest to the Mid Atlantic...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    from the central Plains to the Great Lakes. These thunderstorms and
    their composite outflow will likely reinforce the boundary across
    the area. South of this boundary, a very moist airmass with moderate instability will be in place. Very weak shear will be the primary
    limiting factor to severe weather, but numerous thunderstorms in a
    moderately unstable and very moist environment should support some
    threat for wet microbursts and damaging wind gusts.

    ...Mid-Atlantic to the Southeast and Florida...
    Steep mid-level lapse rates are expected across much of the eastern
    CONUS on Wednesday as the upper-level ridge weakens. Strong heating
    in a very moist environment should result in moderate to strong
    instability from Virginia southward into Florida. The highest
    confidence for storms will be along the sea breeze and the higher
    terrain. However, additional thunderstorms are also possible during
    the afternoon, particularly where any remnant outflow boundaries may
    remain from Tuesday night thunderstorm activity. Strengthening
    northeasterly flow across the region may provide enough shear for a
    few strong to severe multicell clusters capable of mostly damaging
    wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 06/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 24 07:13:17 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240712

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CDT Tue Jun 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST...AND OVER MUCH OF THE SOUTHEAST AND
    MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms are possible from the central Plains to
    Lower Michigan, over parts of the Southeast, and over parts of
    Montana on Thursday. Scattered damaging gusts appears to be the main
    concern.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Thursday, a weak upper wave will move eastward across the Great
    Lakes, phasing with the larger-scale trough which will be exiting
    the Northeast. South of there, a weakening upper low should remain
    over FL, providing cool temperatures aloft. Otherwise, winds aloft
    over much of the central and eastern CONUS will be weak. To the
    west, moderate westerly flow aloft will move across the Pacific
    Northwest and into the northern Rockies, with 30-40 kt 500 mb winds
    over MT.

    At the surface, a large area of moisture and instability will remain
    in place from the Plains and Midwest into the Southeast, and this
    will continue to support widely scattered thunderstorms, with some
    producing severe gusts during the afternoon. Meager moisture return
    will occur into eastern MT, in advance of the low-amplitude upper
    wave.

    ...Central Plains into the Midwest...
    A surface boundary will provide a focus for daytime redevelopment
    from KS IA/MO/IL, with storms becoming numerous by 00Z. Weak shear
    and ample moisture should support clusters of storms with primarily
    localized strong to damaging gusts.

    ...Southeast...
    Midlevel lapse rates are forecast to weaken on Thursday, but cool
    temperatures will still support areas of moderate instability.
    Storms should again occur over the Appalachians, and perhaps along
    residual outflows from early convection. Isolated damaging gusts
    will be possible.

    ...Eastern MT...
    Steep lapse rates will develop, but surface dewpoints are forecast
    to be in the 40s F within a pre-frontal trough. Still, the deeply
    mixed boundary layer combined with 500-1000 J/kg MUCAPE and modest
    westerly flow aloft may support scattered storms capable of locally
    strong wind gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 06/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 24 19:17:22 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 PM CDT Tue Jun 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES...FROM THE
    MID-ATLANTIC TO THE SOUTHEAST...AND NORTHEAST MONTANA VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms are possible from the central Plains to
    Lower Michigan, over parts of the Southeast, and over parts of
    Montana on Thursday. Scattered damaging gusts appears to be the main
    concern.

    ...Synopsis...
    Somewhat zonal flow is expected across the northern CONUS on Friday
    with a broad ridge across much of the southern CONUS. A moderate
    mid-level jet streak will move across Montana with relatively weak
    flow across the remainder of the CONUS. A weak upper low will drift
    slowly northeast across the southeastern CONUS.

    ...Mid-Atlantic to the Southeast...
    A broad area of moderate instability is forecast from the
    Mid-Atlantic to the Southeast on Friday. Shear is expected to be
    very weak through the period, but moderate instability and
    relatively steep mid-level lapse rates beneath the upper low will
    provide a thermodynamic environment favorable for some damaging wind
    gusts. More focused areas of strong to severe storms may exist near
    outflow boundaries from D2/Thursday convection.

    ...Central Plains to the western Great Lakes...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop along a
    frontal zone from Kansas to Wisconsin on Friday afternoon/evening.
    Shear is expected to remain weak (20 to 25 knots), but strong
    instability will support the threat for some damaging wind gusts.

    ...Northeast Montana Vicinity...
    Moderate mid-level flow is expected to overspread northeast Montana
    on Friday where a deeply mixed boundary layer (above 3km) is
    forecast. While instability will not be that great due to limited
    moisture, it should be sufficient for a few storms. Moderate shear
    (25 to 30 knots) and a deeply mixed boundary layer will support a
    threat for some severe wind gusts Friday afternoon/evening.

    ..Bentley.. 06/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 25 07:33:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250732

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 AM CDT Wed Jun 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms producing large hail and locally damaging winds are
    forecast over parts of the northern Plains late on Friday. Sporadic
    damaging gusts may also occur over parts of the Mid Atlantic and
    Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will move from MT into the northern
    Plains, with 50 kt midlevel flow moving across MD and northern MN.
    Cooling aloft will also overspread the area, steepening lapse rates.
    Meanwhile, minor height rises will occur over the central and
    southern Plains, while a weak midlevel low persists over the
    Southeast.

    At the surface, robust low-level moisture will remain in place from
    the Plains to the East Coast. Southerly winds increasing ahead of
    the northern Plains wave will aid northward moisture advection east
    of a surface trough, which will extend from the central Dakotas into
    western NE/KS by late afternoon. During the day, a warm front will
    lift across the eastern Dakotas and parts of MN, but cool air should
    remain over much of the upper Great Lakes area with weak high
    pressure.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Low pressure will deepen from the Dakotas southward toward the
    central High Plains, with a wind shift/boundary pushing east into
    across the western Dakotas during the afternoon. A plume of steep
    low-level lapse rates will develop and nose into central SD, while
    dewpoints in the mid to upper 60s F spread into the area as well.
    The result will be moderate to strong instability by late afternoon
    and evening.

    Storms are expected to form within the heated surface trough where
    the cap will be zero by late in the day. The strongest storms
    capable of significant hail and locally damaging gusts should occur
    across the Dakotas through evening, with isolated cells extending
    southward into western NE/KS and perhaps far eastern CO. In
    addition, elevated severe storms may persist into northwest MN as
    the low-level jet increases during the evening, with large hail
    potential.

    ....Southeast into the Mid Atlantic...
    Scattered daytime storms will again occur generally east of the MS
    River, with focus from the Mid Atlantic across the
    Carolinas/Appalachians/Gulf Coast states. Instability will likely
    not be as strong as previous days due to several days of overturning
    of the air mass, however, pockets of stronger instability will favor
    locally damaging gusts from microbursts.

    ..Jewell.. 06/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 25 19:20:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Wed Jun 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms producing large hail and locally damaging winds are
    forecast over parts of the northern Plains late on Friday. Sporadic
    damaging gusts may also occur over parts of the Mid Atlantic and
    Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid-level trough will shift east across the northern Rockies
    on Friday with strengthening mid-level flow overspreading the
    northern Plains. This will result in lee troughing from the Canadian
    Prairies to the central High Plains. A moist environment will be in
    place east of this trough with dewpoints in the 60s.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Moderate to potentially strong instability is forecast across the
    northern Plains on Friday with temperatures near 80 and dewpoints in
    the 60s. Strengthening mid-level flow should result in ample shear
    for supercells by Friday afternoon/evening as ascent increases
    across the northern Plains. Significant hail and severe wind gusts
    will be the primary threat from this activity. A strengthening/moist
    low-level jet may support supercell maintenance through the evening
    and perhaps into the overnight period. Even if diurnal storms
    dissipate, additional overnight elevated storms are likely across
    portions of eastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota amid
    strengthening isentropic ascent.

    ...Mid Atlantic to the Southeast...
    Moderate instability is expected to develop across much of the
    eastern CONUS on Friday. Instability is not expected to be as strong
    as mid-level temperatures will be warmer after Day 1/2 convection
    across the region. However, a pocket of relatively cooler air aloft
    will exist across the Southeast and into the central Appalachians
    and Mid-Atlantic which will support some threat for stronger storms
    capable of damaging wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 06/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 26 07:17:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Thu Jun 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA AND EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA INTO MINNESOTA AND WESTERN
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms with wind and hail potential will be
    possible over parts of the northern Plains to upper Mississippi
    Valley Saturday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Shortwave ridging will occur over the upper MS Valley during the day
    on Saturday, before height falls arrive in association with a
    low-amplitude upper trough moving across MT and the Dakotas. This
    will allow a large area of moisture and instability to build, with
    MUCAPE over 4000 J/kg forecast from the eastern Dakotas into MN and
    IA.

    A surface trough is forecast to deepen from the eastern Dakotas into
    central NE, as southerly winds maintain a northward flux of theta-e
    with a deepening moist boundary layer. The end result should be
    storms developing within this trough, which will then spread east
    and persist through evening.

    While shear will not be particularly strong, steep midlevel lapse
    rates combined with veering winds with height will favor initial
    robust cells capable of large hail and perhaps a brief tornado risk,
    before storms form into propagating clusters with damaging winds
    likely. The surging theta-e out of the southwest during the evening
    may allow severe storms to persist into western WI late.

    Elsewhere, widespread moisture and instability will remain over the
    Southeast and Mid Atlantic, with scattered clusters of afternoon
    storms likely. Pockets of stronger instability may support localized
    strong to damaging gusts. Predictability is currently too low to
    denote precisely which areas may see a low-end severe gust threat.

    ..Jewell.. 06/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 26 19:30:43 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Thu Jun 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY AFTERNOON
    INTO SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA...NORTHEASTERN NEBRASKA...MUCH OF SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MINNESOTA...ADJACENT NORTHWESTERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms, posing a risk for severe hail and
    wind, are possible across parts of the middle Missouri Valley into
    Upper Midwest Saturday afternoon into Saturday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Little change in the large-scale mid/upper flow is forecast from
    Friday into Saturday, with modest westerlies remaining generally
    zonal and confined to the northern tier of the U.S. and adjacent
    portions of southern Canada. Within this regime, one notable short
    wave trough is forecast to progress east of the Great Lakes into New
    England Saturday through Saturday night, as broad upstream
    troughing (with at least a couple of embedded smaller-scale
    perturbations) progresses eastward along the north central
    Canadian/U.S. border vicinity.

    In lower-levels, cooler and drier boundary-layer air is likely to be
    maintained across parts of northern New England, with another influx
    of cooler air spreading southeast of the Great Lakes through the
    upper Ohio Valley, northern Mid Atlantic coast and southern New
    England by late Saturday night. A trailing cold front is likely to
    continue slowly advancing east/southeast of the northern Rockies,
    through the northern Great Plains. Elsewhere, east of the high
    plains, seasonably moist boundary air may become characterized by
    moderate to strong potential instability with daytime heating.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    The extent of convective development and its evolution remain
    unclear for this period due to a number of lingering uncertainties.
    Focus for renewed thunderstorm development could be impacted by
    outflow from convection developing Friday night into early Saturday. Additionally, strongest potential instability by Saturday afternoon
    is likely to become focused beneath the nose of the warmer and more
    strongly capping elevated mixed-layer air, roughly across the
    northern/eastern South Dakota vicinity, before slowly becoming
    suppressed southeastward. However, this might tend to become
    displaced to the south of the stronger and more favorably sheared
    westerlies.

    Even so, given thermodynamic profiles becoming characterized by
    steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates and large CAPE, scattered
    strong to severe thunderstorm development appears possible ahead of
    the southeastward advancing cold front by late afternoon. Aided by
    forcing for ascent supported by low-level warm advection beneath
    broadly difluent upper flow, activity may consolidate into one or
    two eastward/southeastward propagating clusters by Saturday evening.

    ...Northern Mid Atlantic into Champlain Valley...
    A corridor of moderate to large developing mixed-layer CAPE, ahead
    of the southeastward advancing cold front, and within preceding
    deepening surface troughing, seems likely to provide the focus for
    vigorous thunderstorm development by late Saturday afternoon.
    Although lapse rates may be modest, and stronger potential
    instability across the northern Mid Atlantic may be displaced to the
    south of the better flow/shear across Upstate New York into New
    England, the environment may still become conducive to scattered
    strong thunderstorms accompanied by a risk for potentially damaging
    wind gusts. If/when lingering uncertainties become more clear, it
    is possible that severe probabilities could still be increased a bit
    further in later outlooks for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 06/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 27 07:28:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Fri Jun 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR FAR SOUTHEAST
    MINNESOTA INTO THE WESTERN UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered strong to severe storms are possible from the
    central High Plains to the northern Great Lakes on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify across the northern Plains on
    Sunday. At the surface, a cold front will move across the Upper
    Midwest to near northern Lower Michigan to the central Plains by 12Z
    Monday.

    ...Central Plains to the Upper Midwest...
    Very strong to extreme instability is forecast to develop ahead of a
    cold front from the central Plains to Wisconsin. Storms are expected
    to develop along this front during the afternoon to evening on
    Sunday. Shear will be mostly weak along the front which may limit
    storm organization. However, where stronger mid-level flow is
    present (central and northern Wisconsin into the western UP of
    Michigan), more organized storms are expected, including the
    potential for supercells. These storms will pose a threat for severe
    wind gusts and large hail, and perhaps a tornado.

    Farther south and west along the front, weaker shear will be
    present. However, very strong heating and steep lapse rates will
    support some severe wind threat as storms develop along the uncapped
    front during the afternoon/evening on Sunday.

    ..Bentley.. 06/27/2025

    $$

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